Actinic keratoses, also known as solar keratoses, are rough, scaly patches of skin caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. They are considered precancerous and can sometimes develop into squamous cell carcinoma if not treated or monitored.
Actinic keratoses are dry, rough, scaly patches or small bumps that appear on areas of the skin that have been damaged by repeated or prolonged exposure to UV radiation. These patches may be skin-coloured, pink, red or brown and often feel like sandpaper when touched.
Although they are not usually serious, actinic keratoses are considered precancerous because they reflect damage to skin cells and have the potential to progress to squamous cell carcinoma over time. Early identification and monitoring are key.
These lesions most often develop on sun-exposed parts of the body, including:
Actinic keratoses may have one or more of the following features:
Many actinic keratoses are painless and may go unnoticed until closely examined. Multiple lesions often occur in the same area.
Actinic keratoses develop as a result of cumulative UV radiation damage to the skin’s cells, most commonly from years of sun exposure and, in some cases, tanning bed use. UV rays damage the DNA in skin cells, leading to abnormal growth and changes in the outer layer of skin.
Anyone can develop actinic keratoses, but the risk is higher in people who:
Diagnosis is usually made by a GP or dermatologist based on the appearance, texture and location of the lesions during a clinical skin examination. Actinic keratoses often have a characteristic rough, sandpaper-like feel that makes them easier to identify by touch than by sight alone.
A dermatoscope, a hand-held magnifying tool, may be used to view the skin more closely.
If a lesion looks unusual, grows quickly, bleeds, crusts, or has features suggestive of skin cancer, a small sample of skin (biopsy) may be taken and examined in a laboratory to rule out squamous cell carcinoma or other skin cancers.
The aim of treatment is to remove the abnormal skin cells and reduce the risk of progression to skin cancer. The choice of treatment depends on the number, size and site of the lesions, as well as patient preference and skin type.
Common treatment options include:
Some treatments may cause redness, peeling, irritation or tenderness as part of the healing process. Your clinician will discuss what to expect and how to care for your skin during treatment.
Actinic keratoses do not usually go away on their own and may persist or recur without treatment. Treatment often clears lesions and can reduce the risk of progression to skin cancer, but there is a possibility that new lesions may develop over time, particularly in areas exposed to sunlight.
Actinic keratoses are considered precancerous. While many do not progress, some can evolve into squamous cell carcinoma if left untreated or if sun damage continues. This is why monitoring and appropriate management are important.
It may not be possible to prevent all actinic keratoses, but reducing UV exposure and protecting the skin can significantly lower the risk.
Helpful measures include:
You should see a GP or dermatologist if you notice:
Prompt assessment can help rule out skin cancer and ensure timely treatment.
If you notice rough, scaly, or persistent patches on sun-exposed areas of your skin, contact Aventus Clinic for a thorough assessment. Early evaluation and treatment can help prevent progression to skin cancer and protect your skin’s health.
